The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world’s five oceans (after Pacific Ocean, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Ocean recently separated). Northwest Passage (U.S. and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal rivers. In recent years, Arctic ice is thinning can improve navigation and increase the likelihood of maritime sovereignty of the differences between the countries bordering the Arctic Ocean.
The cold polar climate is characterized by a relatively narrow temperature range of years continuously in the winter is characterized by continuous darkness, cold, storms and clouds stable, a typical continuous light in summer, a rain and fog and rain or snow
Ice islands north occasionally escape Ellesmere Island, icebergs calf in the glaciers of West Greenland in the far north-eastern Canada, permafrost, ice islands, virtually closed from October to June, taking account of the ship superstructure icing from October to May
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